Paper rewriteงาน

I'm seeking a skilled academic writer with a deep understanding of EEG data, Autism, and Deep Learning. Key Project Details: - Word Count: 7000-10000 words - Objective: To write an academic paper based on our proposed method and offered results Your main responsibilities for this project will include: - Crafting a comprehensive academic paper on the relationship between EEG data, Autism, and Deep Learning. - Writing a literature review that underpins our proposed method and results. - Ensuring the paper adheres to academic standards, including proper citation and referencing. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record in academic writing in the EEG data, Autism, and Deep Learning domain. - Strong understanding of academic research methodologies. - Know...

I am looking for an experienced editor who can correct grammatical errors and punctuation, rewrite sentences or paragraphs for clarity, while ensuring that the content remains professional. The form is between 500-1000 words long, and the editor is required to fact-check and verify information without completely rewriting the content. Key Responsibilities: - Correct grammatical errors and punctuation - Rewriting sentences or paragraphs for clarity - Ensuring the professional tone is maintained - Fact-check and verify information Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in editing - Strong grasp of grammar and punctuation - Ability to maintain a professional tone - Experience in fact-checking and verifying information - Attention to detail and ability to work situation ...

Research Methods, including biostatistics and epidemiology Scenario One Scenario: You have been asked to evaluate an obesity program being implemented in 5 health community clinics in Chula Vista, CA. Another 5 clinics in Poway,CA were chosen by the evaluator for comparison. The program has not yet started. They would like you to evaluate whether the intervention was implemented as intended. You will evaluate the behavioral changes stemming from the 12-week program for 30 people at each clinic at 3 follow-up time points. They shared with you that they intervened in steps, which involved preparation, action, and maintenance around exercise. They encouraged community members to walk/run 3 days a week and eventually make it a life-long habit. The main outcome was minutes of walki...

...you can`t perform an Altair EDEM simulation. !!! ATTENTION !!! Hello, I'm seeking an expert to conceive a revolutionary Shaft able to mix in a specific layering path an volume of 1,357 m3 (cilindrical container is 120 cm wide with 120 cm hight) consisting of aprox 80 different chopped materials (different densities and volumes) grass clippings, plant stalks, branches, twigs, coffee grounds, paper, filters, bags, tea, cardboard, kitchen leftovers, bio waste. Pile`s weight is aprox. 125 - 130 kgs (+20 liters of water). Mixing Simulation Test will validate (or not) your Shaft Concept Effectivness. Your shaft needs to touch the edges. Inspiration shaft models (109 MB): Please generate at least 15 particle

...corporate finance to create a concise paper focusing on the fundamental concepts in this domain. The audience for this paper will be graduate students, so the content should be engaging and informative for individuals familiar with the field. Key requirements: - Create an overview of key corporate finance concepts: I'm looking for a paper that covers the primary theories and principles that underlie corporate finance, but in a way that's accessible and easy to understand for graduate students. - Target the graduate level: While the paper should provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject, it should avoid delving into unnecessary complexity. The ideal writer will be able to strike a balance between thoroughness and readability. - Engagement...

I'm seeking a knowledgeable individual to draft a comprehensive scoping review paper, focusing on the intricacies of 'Information Retrieval' and delving especially into 'Information Behavior.' It's for a forthcoming conference. The paper should: - Provide a robust dissection of 'Information Behavior' within 'Information Science.' - Showcase real grasp of current theories, practices, and future challenges within this arena. - Leverage scholarly style to deliver a coherent and compelling narrative. Ideal Skills: - Knowledgeable in 'Information Science' and 'Information Behavior.' - Robust research skills with data to talk about it - Proficient in academic writing. Link to paper guidelines: Topic:...

...Chrome. Each tab would contain a website for a particular business. For example, if I were to loop your script(s) 89 times, then your script(s) would open 89 tabs in Google Chrome. Each tab would contain a website for a particular business. Most such websites I have visited take about 100 MB of RAM. I have 16 GB of RAM. If I were to free up 12 GB of RAM, then I could open [takes out pencil and paper, calculates furiously for a few minutes] 120 websites. That limitation would not bother me because I plan to scrape not more than a hundred pages each day. In other words, I do not plan to scrape hundreds of thousands, nor tens of thousands, nor even thousands of websites each day. I plan to use your scripts on a relatively small scale of not more than one hundred websites each ...

I am seeking researchers in Cologne, Germany to conduct market research for a retail audit. You will have to own an android mobile device to be eligible for this project. You must be available immediately. Training will be provided. You will visit 4 supermarkets in the city of Cologne, Germany and the payment for this project is €150. You will audit baby diapers, wipes, kitchen paper, toilet paper and feminine hygiene products- no purchases required only photographs of the products. Deadline- 4 days Specific requirements for the project include: - Conducting a retail audits in Augsburg, Germany - Collecting data on android device using our company app Skills and experience needed for this project: - Strong analytical skills - Excellent communication skills - Abilit...

...corporate finance to create a concise paper focusing on the fundamental concepts in this domain. The audience for this paper will be graduate students, so the content should be engaging and informative for individuals familiar with the field. Key requirements: - Create an overview of key corporate finance concepts: I'm looking for a paper that covers the primary theories and principles that underlie corporate finance, but in a way that's accessible and easy to understand for graduate students. - Target the graduate level: While the paper should provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject, it should avoid delving into unnecessary complexity. The ideal writer will be able to strike a balance between thoroughness and readability. - Engagement...

I am seeking researchers in Augsburg, Germany to conduct market research for a retail audit. You will have to own an android mobile device to be eligible for this project. You must be available immediately. Training will be provided. You will visit 4 supermarkets in the city of Augsburg, Germany and the payment for this project is €150. You will audit baby diapers, wipes, kitchen paper, toilet paper and feminine hygiene products- no purchases required only photographs of the products. Deadline- 4 days Specific requirements for the project include: - Conducting a retail audits in Augsburg, Germany - Collecting data on android device using our company app Skills and experience needed for this project: - Strong analytical skills - Excellent communication skills - Abil...

I'm seeking for a skilled editor to polish my one-page sales paper aiming at promoting our consulting services to business professionals. Your task will be to make the text more compelling, persuasive and suited for a professional audience. The assignment involves but not limited to: - Identifying and ironing out any grammatical errors and typos. - Ensuring that the paper is persuasive, without sounding overly promotional. - Making sure the language, tone, and style are suitable for business professionals. Ideal Skills: - Exceptional editing and proofreading skills - Experience with promotional material development, ideally for consulting services - Understanding of professional and persuasive language - Ability to maintain the tone and style suitable for business pr...

Exterior Front Porch Prepare Construction documents dimensioned and drawn on 36” x 24” paper 1. Plan View: A floor plan indicating the dimensions of the project, location of all walls, doors, windows, headers and beams (with sizes), structural members (such as floor joists, ceiling joists, and roof rafters including sizes, dimensions and direction), electrical outlets, electrical switches, lighting, smoke detectors, escape windows, appliances, electric service panels, bathrooms, furnaces, water heaters, all materials to be used, ceiling height, and all other pertinent information. If there is to be a fireplace, installation information must be submitted. 2. Cross Section: Show all materials to be used, basically a slice through the wall showing how the wall-ceiling-floo...

I have half of a research paper on Social Media Usage and Happiness, but I need someone to improve it and add citations. The paper should be 6 pages long. ### Focus Areas - **Introduction and Thesis Statement** - **Analysis of Research Findings** - **Conclusion and Recommendations** ### Requirements - You should have a strong grasp of sentence structure and clarity to enhance the existing content. - I expect you to bring your own research skills to improve the paper and add relevant citations. - Please ensure the essay is 6 pages long. - Previous experience in social science or psychology research writing is a plus. Please provide a timeline for completion with your bid. I'm looking for someone who can turn around quality work in a timely manner.

I'm in need of a highly skilled writer to create an urgent ethical paper on justifying war in specific situations. Your task would be to: - Write a detailed, philosophical argument that justifies war in certain, defined circumstances. - Provide sufficient, logical reasoning and ethical principles behind the justification. I require a unique, thought-provoking and high-quality paper that showcases critical thinking and application of ethical theories. Ideally, the freelancer should possess a background in philosophy or a related field and have experience in writing about ethics, particularly just war theory. The paper should be completed as soon as possible. here is the email my professor sent about the paper- The paper is to be written in some ...

I'm looking for a researcher to assist me in my university project on Nur...is not limited to: - Gathering data, reports, and academic studies regarding the latest methodologies in nursing education. - Identifying key trends, challenges, and opportunities in the nursing education field. - Exploring innovative teaching strategies and tools used in nursing education. - Your research should ultimately help me in developing a well-informed and comprehensive research paper on Nursing Education. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in educational research or nursing education. - Familiarity with online research methodologies and academic databases. - Strong analytical and critical thinking skills. - Excellent writing skills to summarize and present the research fi...

I need IEEE format paper and PPT related to A secure and Robust framework with threat modeling in a Mobile-government.

I'm on the hunt for a skilled content creator to develop a well-articulated white paper centered on SAP digital transformation in the technology sector. This paper should be designed as a compelling pitch for our potential customers. Specifics: - Thorough investigation and presentation of SAP digital transformation in the technology sphere. - Firm comprehension of the impact of SAP digital on operational efficiency, customer experience and profitability, with crisp elucidation in the white paper. - A project objective is crafting a robust marketing pitch for our potential clients, hence the white paper should be persuasive yet informative. Ideal Skills: - Extensive knowledge and experience in technology field, particularly SAP digital transformation. - St...

I am seeking an expert with proficient skills and experience in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Analysis for the purpose of publishing my research paper in the Expert Systems with Applications Journal. My work utilizes Deep Learning to address Suspicious Action Detection from Surveillance Videos. The ideal candidate should have superb understanding of Behavior Recognition, a technique pivotal to my paper. In this task, the set objectives include: * Editing and proofreading the paper meticulously * Ensuring the subject matter is communicated clearly and effectively * Submitting the paper to the Expert Systems with Applications Journal * Ensuring all the Journal's publishing guidelines are followed diligently Applicants are invited to ...

Hi, I need many rewrites. The first batch is of 200 articles. I will ask for a 100 -150 word sample rewrite on the topic given by me. (Removed by Freelancer) Interested candidates, please bid. Long-term work for the right candidate. We will hire multiple writers. Regards, B

New simple Sans font using Fontstruct or similar. I have letter designs on paper. Will be an art font so not a large budget. It made me put Graphic Design & PS on here, I only want a font making to TT or whatever, I have designs

I'm on the lookout for a talented graphic designer to create modern packaging for my product. Here are some key details about the project: - **Type of Design**: This project primarily involves packaging design. - **Preferred Style**: I am looking for a modern aesthetic in the design that aligns with current trends and my brand image. - **Materials**: The packaging will be done on paper, so some knowledge of how to create compelling visual designs that stand out on this material is a must. Ideal candidates should have a strong portfolio of previous packaging design work, particularly in the modern style. Great communication skills are also a plus, as I'd like to collaborate closely with the designer to achieve the best possible outcome. Brand Name: Mujō Slogan: Nat...

I am looking for someone who can craft an engaging and educational explainer video that is tailored to a professional audience in a specific industry. Here's what's essential: - Script Interpretation: I already have a script prepared. Your task will be to breathe life into th...at the script and then make suggestions on how you would bring the voiceover content for each slide to life with applicable visuals. I will be awarding this job to the best pitch around the visuals you will put with the voiceover for each slide. You can sell me on the idea ! I can supply the artwork for the final slide that talks about 'Want more details or want to join these legends in the paper for just $25 per week ? ' I look forward to seeing your interpretations of our script ...

...design/engineering agency that is looking for long-term design work. They must be willing to provide us with top tier design service at a lower “wholesale” cost, reason being we will be using their services on a continuous basis, in a multitude of ways. (1) In-house use, (2) our customers who are needing custom designs done. We have a lot of current design ideas and concepts that need to be put on paper and brought to visual life. The successful candidate will not only possess an eye for design, but needs to embody a unique, but yet sophisticated design style that's comfortable, functions coincide, sleek, elegant, and aesthetically appealing.. This is an opportunity to work on stunning pieces that will be adorn by people of all background types and establishm...

How do the social and environmental determinants lead to poorer health outcomes for Australians with type 2 diabetes living in rural and remote regions. Theory: How well have you applied the relevant theory and terminology of this subject (15%) Breadth: How well have you concisely addressed breadth and depth of issues (15%) Answers question: How well has your argument answered the essay question (15%) Evidence: How well have you demonstrated that your argument is evidence-based, and effectively integrated references (15%) Logic and expression: How well have you communicated clear, logical sequencing of ideas with readable informative sentences (15%) Technical criteria Format: How well have you followed essay technique and instructions for file name, font, spacing and essay format. (7.5%...

As a client, I'm currently seeking a skilled academic writer focused on social sciences. I’m working on a research paper and am in need of expert assistance to ensure the project is executed effectively. More about what I'm looking for: • Demonstrated Experience: I need a freelancer who has previously worked on academic writing projects, specifically research papers. Experience in social sciences and agriculture is a big plus. Job: Write an ABSTRACT of 250 words This opportunity is perfect for those who thrive in academic writing and are able to fulfill the requirements in an effective, timely manner.

As a business, I'm looking for a skilled freelancer to help me create an extractor for past paper content from multiple different exam boards/papers from different subjects. This will be from PDF files and organize it into a JSON format. This will help in creating a structured database for our educational materials. Key Requirements: - Extract data from PDF files: The freelancer should have experience in data extraction from PDFs. The goal is to extract content like questions, answers, and any other relevant details. This extractor should be able to be used for different exam boards - Organize data by year, subject, and difficulty level: The extracted data should be categorized based on these parameters. This is crucial for our business as it will help us create a user-friendl...

Hi - I'm seeking an experienced Wikipedia writer to edit/write/fix content about a band. The article content is already in place but was rejected and I need someone who knows how to edit/fix the content to align with Wikipedia's guidelines. Key Requirements: - You're based in the the United States and speak English. - Your primary task will involve rewriting and editing the existing content. - Familiarity with Wikipedia's notability guidelines and other regulations is crucial. Your submission must meet the platform's quality requirements to get published. - The ability to create an engaging content that is not promotional in tone. It should inform readers about the business or organization. I'm hoping this can be completed within a month or so. I'm look...

I am seeking support from a highly experienced cybersecurity(CIA) freelancer to assist in my research paper. Key objectives are: Optimal candidates should possess: - Strong writing and editing skills - A knack for structuring information effectively - The ability to create engaging and clear content however, no Chatgpt , no google Bard/Gemini, or any other AI tool. Cybersecurity CIA Analysis (2019-Present) Need in-depth analysis of CIA triad in recent research? 5 IEEE papers (2019-present) Comparative table with key insights ⚡ Fast, expert research & delivery Order now & unlock cybersecurity knowledge! Tags: cybersecurity, research, CIA, IEEE, analysis, comparison - Identifying potential vulnerabilities in multiple IoT in smart city systems - Analyzing existing cyb...

For this project, I need a specialist knowledgeable in Vectorworks software to create a detailed ground plan for my interior design project. Key requirements include: - Mastery of Vectorworks is crucial I just drew the ground plan on paper now I just need to get it on vectorworks With the interior I included

I'm looking for an expert in openbsc, osmocombb, and openbts GSM to help me with a project that includes the following key aspects: - **GSM Man-in-the-Middle (MITM):** The project also involves GSM...analysis tools. - Previous experience with GSM man-in-the-middle implementations. - Excellent problem-solving skills to address any performance requirements that may arise during the project. Please provide examples of similar projects you've worked on in the past, especially those involving GSM networks and MITM configurations. Please review this paper and need to reproduce what they have done. I have all the hardware in the article. Https:// Here is a part of the modified code, you can refer to

I am seeking a professional experienced in beta radiography techniques based near northeast Ohio to conduct high-resolution imaging of internal structures within a paper sample. The goal of this project is to analyze the internal structure of the paper and uncover any potential anomalies. Your responsibilities will include: - Executing high-resolution imaging of paper internals using beta radiography - Verifying imaging consistency and accuracy The ideal candidate will have: - Extensive experience in beta radiography - In-depth knowledge of high-resolution imaging techniques - Ability to analyze and interpret radiographic results accurately - Proficiency in report writing and presenting information in easy to understand manner.

Dil tercumanligi yapiyorum. I am doing translation. Turkce-ingilizce, ingilizce-turkce. Turkish-english, english-turkish. Turkce-hollandaca/felemenkce. Hollandaca/felemenkce-turkce. Ingilizce-hollandaca/felemenkce. Hollandaca/felemenkce-ingilizce. Turkish-dutch, dutch-turkish. Dutch-english, english-dutch. Writing skills in this languages. Translation of blogs, paper, documents. Belge ve makaleler cevrilir.

...designer for print that can create new artwork for print collaterals such as business cards, flyers, brochures. Further, I need someone that can fix existing artwork for printing including resizing, adding bleed, adjusting layout for optimal output. This task involves numerous types of paper and sizes, signaling a potential for a long-term work relationship considering its recurring nature. Ideal skills and experience: - Deep understanding and hands-on experience with printing requirements, particularly on paper. - Demonstrable knowledge in handling bleed issues and color management. - Long-term commitment to provide consistent results. I can supply the affected documents in their current formats for your perusal. It's essential for potential freelancers to give ...

I have a research paper that I would like you to follow and create a finite element model for a pulley. The model should be based on beam theory, shell theory and thin shell theory. Key Requirements: - Develop a Finite Element Model: The model should be based on beam theory, shell theory and thin shell theory. - Stress Distribution Analysis: The most important output data from the model should be the stress distribution. This is crucial for this project. - Industry specific: The intended application of this pulley is for the mining industry, so you need to be able to ensure that the model is tailored to this industry. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Solid Understanding of Finite Element Modeling: You should be proficient in creating and analysing finite element models, ideally wit...

I'm seeking an experienced freelancer to transform my physical logo design into a digital format - specifically, PDF. Key tasks include: - Scanning or recreating the paper logo - Ensuring the quality and integrity of the logo are maintained throughout the digitization process - Delivering the final product in PDF format Ideal Skills: - Graphic design - Experience with image editing software - Familiarity with logo design - Attention to detail Experience with digitizing physical artwork will be considered an advantage.

I'm in urgent need of an informed and well-written paper on Business Law subject. Notwithstanding, the focus can range throughout the whole spectrum of the subject but should still remain tightly knit and coherent. The ideal candidate should be able to: - Dive deep into the topic of Business Law. - Present an erudite and concise analysis, maintaining excellent grammar and structure throughout. - Turn around this project ASAP. Strong research skills and a background in law, particularly Business Law, are a must for this project. Even better if you can provide samples of similar works you've completed in the past. Looking forward to your bids.

I'm in immediate need of a customized music paper.

I'm in search of a unique and captivating logo for my p... to familiarise yourself with the company before submitting your bid. The star rating system doesn't mean that 5 is better than 1. I use the star rating to categorize / organize the options. Freelancer offers no other way to organize or group them so that's my method. Please don't submit it as a big sign on a wall or above a storefront. I want to see what it'll look like printed on paper. We're dog walkers, we'll never have a store. The project deliverables should include: - A main logo for general use including use on business cards, invoices, etc. - A smaller, thumbnail version for use on a browser tab. I'm attaching examples to show what I'm referring to. I look forward...

...environmental conservation. I require assistance in defining precise marine boundaries around submerged reefs using Shape files (SHP). This boundary creation align to guidelines of international environmental conservation bodies including UN, Pacific Regional Environment Programme or Convention on Biological Diversity in terms of marine boundaries. The boundaries are already present on raster paper charts for navigation but we need digital boundaries made with accurate coordinates. Ideal freelancers should have: Primary: - Proficient skills in working with Shape files (SHP) - Apps such as QGIS or ARCGIS. Secondary (optional): - Understanding of the maritime environment and submerged reefs - Experience or familiarity with international environmental conservation regulations ...

I'm currently using TensorFlow fo...experience in similar projects, and any relevant qualifications you hold. The original model is associated with the research paper with the link The original code is attached below, which is as per the research paper above. It consists a model with CNN, Attention and LSTM and now I've to improve the accuracy of this model. For this I need to change the model with adding "Deforming CNN" which is given in the research paper named "Deformable Convolutional Networks for Multimodal Human Activity Recognition Using Wearable Sensors", which I am attaching below. So add the improvements of The second paper into the original code. The model is to be then trained with Uni Mib SHAR Dataset.

...trademark registration requirements. Attached is the logo file that you will be using for the trademark specimens. The 34 classes I need trademarks for include: 001 - Chemicals 005 - Pharmaceuticals 006 - Common Metals 007 - Machines 009 - Computers and Scientific Devices 010 - Medical Supplies 011 - Appliances 012 - Vehicles 013 - Firearms 014 - Precious Metals 015 - Musical Instruments 016 - Paper Goods 020 - Furniture 021 - Household Utensils 024 - Textiles 025 - Clothing 027 - Carpets 028 - Games and Sporting Goods 029 - Meat, Fish, Poultry 030 - Coffee, Flour, Rice 031 - Grains, Agriculture 032 - Beers and Beverages 033 - Alcoholic Beverages 034 - Tobacco Products 035 - Advertising and Business Services 036 - Insurance and Finance Services 037 - Construction and Repair Serv...

I am residing in Canada and looking for a talented resume writer to revamp my resume, tailoring it to the Canadian job market. The resume should be targeted towards the Content Writing industry, specifically for the position of a Content Writer. Key highlights for the project: - **Resume Rewrite:** The primary goal is to rewrite my existing resume to make it more appealing and impactful for potential employers in the Canadian Content Writing field. - **Canadian Job Market Expertise:** Understanding of the Canadian job market and what employers in the Content Writing industry look for is crucial. - **Content Writing Industry Knowledge:** Prior experience in the Content Writing industry, either as a writer or working closely with such professionals, is highly desired. Ideal ...

I am seeking support from a highly experienced cybersecurity(CIA) freelancer to assist in my research paper. Key objectives are: Optimal candidates should possess: - Strong writing and editing skills - A knack for structuring information effectively - The ability to create engaging and clear content however, no Chatgpt , no google Bard/Gemini, or any other AI tool. Cybersecurity CIA Analysis (2019-Present) Need in-depth analysis of CIA triad in recent research? 5 IEEE papers (2019-present) Comparative table with key insights ⚡ Fast, expert research & delivery Order now & unlock cybersecurity knowledge! Tags: cybersecurity, research, CIA, IEEE, analysis, comparison - Identifying potential vulnerabilities in multiple IoT in smart city systems - Analyzing existing c...

I have a lengthy paper that needs to be formatted in APA style within the next hour. I'm looking for someone who can handle the following specifics: - The paper is over 1000 words, so you need to be comfortable working with longer documents. - I need specific formatting for the tables included in the paper. Additionally, emphasis will be on in-text citations. You'll need to ensure proper formatting and referencing style is adhered to. This is a time-critical task, so please only apply if you're confident in your ability to meet the two-hour deadline while ensuring the quality required for an academic paper.

I have a lengthy paper that needs to be formatted in APA style within the next hour. I'm looking for someone who can handle the following specifics: - The paper is over 1000 words, so you need to be comfortable working with longer documents. - I need specific formatting for the tables included in the paper. Additionally, emphasis will be on in-text citations. You'll need to ensure proper formatting and referencing style is adhered to. This is a time-critical task, so please only apply if you're confident in your ability to meet the one-hour deadline while ensuring the quality required for an academic paper.

I need someone with accounting knowledge to copy instructions from a video onto paper. The video is about job costing and necessary journal entries and you will need to write each step down exactly as the shown in the video. Only apply if you can start right away as I need this job done fast.

I need someone with accounting knowledge to copy instructions from a video onto paper. The video is about job costing and necessary journal entries and you will need to write each step down exactly as the shown in the video. Only apply if you can start right away as I need this job done fast.

I am in need of a capable freelancer who is skilled and experienced in creating SAT practice tests. Here are the specific details: - The difficulty level of the SAT practice tests should be medium. - Each SAT practice paper should include the following sections: Mathematics, Reading and Writing, and Essay. - I am requiring 10 complete SAT papers to be reconstructed. Given the nature of the work, a detailed understanding of SAT format and contents is absolutely necessary. A background in educational fields, especially test preparation, would be a big asset. Good command of English for the Reading and Writing section is also a must. Your work will aid in providing valuable practice resources for SAT students. If person fits criteria this will be a salary based job

Need someone with deep knowledge in Agri Market, especially international grain trading to update an existing PPT. The PPT is attached and need someone to undertake a deep dive of research and update whatever you can. It is an excellent paper, but 5 years is a long time in the word of grain trading. So there is a great deal of research to undertake (and because they are predominantly private companies much of the data is difficult to obtain).