Google Analytics Goals

I am in the beginning stages of setting up Google Analytics, Google Adwords, Google Tag Manager...etc. As I work through everything necessary to start tracking my website traffic I am learning that Goals seem to be an important input to the process so I need some help to determine what goals I need and how to set these goals up and anything else I may be missing. I will provide a spreadsheet to downselected freelancers which will attempt to determine what I want to track. Basically I have a website developed in CakePHP and I have integrations with Zoho CRM+ as my CRM, MailChimp as my Email Marketing system, Eventbrite as my Event Management tool, YouCanBookMe as my appointment tool, Disqus as my comment system...etc. I would like to know how to begin to set-up the right goals so I can begin to track where traffic is coming from, who is signing up for events, who is signing up for appointments, who is visiting my website, who is subscribing to my newsletter, who is reading my blog articles...etc. I would like to know if I am on the right track and what I need to know that maybe I do not. I would also like to know what it will cost and how long will it take for someone to help me through this process.