Hy, nice to meet you, I already read your project details, I recommend some of your circuit
1. For the regulator, you can use LM2576 12 volt and 5 volt, 12 volt for the relay and relay output, and 5 volt for the microcontroller and the output PWM
2. For the microcontroller, u can use atmega328 (this is make you simple in programming)
3. And for the PWM for output between 1 and 5 volt, you can use simple circuit using NPN transistor
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